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var(--color-border-subtle);vertical-align:bottom;font-weight:500}.page-module__oup-mG__content td{padding:var(--space-md) var(--space-base);border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-border-subtle);color:var(--color-text);vertical-align:top;line-height:1.55;font-size:var(--text-sm)}.page-module__oup-mG__content tbody tr:last-child td{border-bottom:0}.page-module__oup-mG__content th:first-child,.page-module__oup-mG__content td:first-child{padding-left:0}.page-module__oup-mG__content th:last-child,.page-module__oup-mG__content td:last-child{padding-right:0}.page-module__oup-mG__content th+th,.page-module__oup-mG__content td+td{border-left:1px solid var(--color-border-subtle)}.page-module__oup-mG__footer{margin-top:var(--space-4xl);padding-top:var(--space-2xl);border-top:1px solid var(--color-border-subtle)}.page-module__oup-mG__signoff{font-family:var(--font-heading), serif;font-style:italic;font-size:var(--text-body);color:var(--color-text-muted);margin:0 0 var(--space-3xl)}
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